The Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrum

For a 2 allele situation the Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium is the best to use......

REMEMBER THIS...

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

 

P and Q are the frequencies of the alleles A and a

 

 

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

(AA)  +  (Aa)  +  (aa) = 1

 

 

At the Equilibrium, allele frequency does not change over time

 

 

EXAMPLE;

 

A particular species of fish is rarely seen, however we can find eggs and sperm in the water

(these are haploid = 1)  

 

• The dominant allele 'R' codes for red scale colour
• The recessive allele 'r' codes for white scale colour

80% where 0.8 had  Dominate 'R'

20% where 0.2 had recessive 'r'

 

RR (p2)- 0.8 x 0.8 = 0.64

Rr (pq)- 0.8 x 0.2 = 0.16

rR (pq)- 0.2 x 0.8 = 0.16

rr (q2) - 0.2 x 0.2 = 0.04

 

add all the numbers together the total should = 1

Why is Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Important?

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Important Words in Genetics

The Most Important Words in Genetics and their definitions

FITNESS;
is the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce relative to conspecifics

ADAPTATIONS;
are traits that increase the fitness of an individual relative to individuals that lack the traits

PHENOTYPE;
the physical expression of the organisms' genes

CHARACTERS;
the features of the phenotype (eye colour)

TRAIT;
the specific form of a character heritable (brown, blue, green eyes)

GENOTYPES;
the genetic constitution of an individual

ALLELE;
Different forms of (Variants) of a gene

LOCUS;
A gene in a chromosome

GENE POOL;
Sum of all copies of all alleles at all loci in a population (A1, A2, A3 ,A4)


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