Wednesday, 15 March 2017

The Domains

Correct me if I am wrong.... but there are 3 main domains in the 'tree of life'

  1. Eukaya
  2. Archea
  3. Bactria
As stated above this are the main 3 domains... lets go into a bit more depth.

DOMAIN EUKAYA;
This domain contains 4 more domains within it;
  1. Protista
  2. Fungi
  3. Plante
  4. Animalia
DOMAIN ARCHEA;

These are only found in the most EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS:

·         Hot springs

·         Anerobic or microaerophilic conditions

·         Sulphurous Volcanic upwellings

·         Extremely saline conditions

·         High alkalinity

·         Extremely acidic conditions
 
Phylum: EURYARCHAEOTA
·         Metgangens
·         Obligate anaerobes producing methane
·         Some are also extreme thermophiles
·         Extreme Halophiles
·         Some use Bacteriorhodopsin to photosynthesis
 
Methanobrevibacter smithii
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Euryarchaeota
Phylum: Euryarcheota
Class: Methanobacteria
Order: Methanobacteriales
Family: Methanobacteriaceae
Genus: Methanobrevibacter
Species: M. smithii
 
Phylum: Crenarchaeota

-          Extreme acidophilic and/or thermophiles (often found at volcanic vents)

-          E.g Thermus aquaticus= taq polymerase used DNA amplification

-          Some can survive pH 0.9 and >70 degrees


Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Crenarchaeota
Phylum: Crenarchaeota
Class: Thermoprotei
Order: Sulfolobales
Family: Sulfolobaceae
Genus: Sulfolobus
Species: Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
 
DOMAIN BACTERIA;


Phylum: Proteobacteria

·         Gram negative

-          Negatively charged cell wall:

       Helps evading Phagocytosis

       Physical Barrier

·         Largest Number of species:

-          E.coli, salmonella, vibrio, Helicobacter

-          Anaerobic, Chemoautotrophs, photoautotrophs, heterotrophs

-          Beneficial symbionts

-          Pathogens

Example;

ESCHERICHA COLI (E.COLI)

Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Eubacteria
Class: Protebacteria
Order: Gammaprotebacteria
Family: Enterobacteriace
Genus: Escherichia
Species: E.Coli


Phylum: Firmicutes

·         Gram positive, with cell wall containing teichoid acids

·         Teichoid acids:

-          Movement of cations in/out of the cell

-          Antigenic specificity

-          Some produce extremely persistent endospore e.g. anthrax, tetanus

·         Actinomycetales are filamentous bacteria

·         Superficially resembling fungi

·         Important component of the soil microbiota

·         Some serious pathogen, e.g. Mycobacterium

·         Produce many antibiotics, e.g. Streptomycin group

STAPHYLOCOCCUS ALBUS (S.ALBUS)

Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Cocci
Order: Bacillales
Family: Staphylococcaceae
Genus: Staphylococcus
Species: Staphylococcus Albus

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